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青光眼是一种会导致视神经损伤和视力丧失的眼部疾病。青光眼可以分为两種類型：开角型和闭角型。
开角型青光眼
开角型青光眼是最常见的青光眼类型。它的特点是眼中的排水管（称为房角）在解剖学上是开放的，但排水不佳。这导致眼内液体的压力逐渐升高，随着时间的推移，这可能会损伤视神经。开角型青光眼的症状通常是渐进性的，并且可能包括：
视力模糊
晕圈或彩虹光晕
眼痛
头痛
闭角型青光眼
闭角型青光眼的特点是房角狭窄或关闭，阻碍了眼内液体的流出。这会导致眼内压迅速升高，导致急性青光眼发作。闭角型青光眼的症状包括：
严重的视力下降或视力丧失
剧烈眼痛
头痛
视力模糊
晕圈和彩虹光晕
恶心和呕吐
区分开角型和闭角型青光眼很重要，因为治疗方式不同。开角型青光眼通常用眼药水或激光治疗来降低眼内压。闭角型青光眼可能需要手术来打开房角并恢复液体流出。
青光眼的房角类型
青光眼是一种导致视神经损伤的眼部疾病，分为两类：开角型和闭角型。区分两者的关键在于房角的结构。
房角
房角是虹膜和角膜交界处的环形区域。房水在房角产生并流入施莱姆管，最终排出眼球。
开角型青光眼
开角型青光眼中，房角是开放的，房水可以自由流出。房水引流的阻力增加，导致眼压升高。这种类型的青光眼通常进展缓慢，症状不明显。
闭角型青光眼
闭角型青光眼中，房角狭窄或闭塞，阻碍房水引流。眼压可以迅速上升，引起严重的症状，如剧烈眼痛、视力下降、头痛和恶心。
区分野别
除了房角的结构外，开角型和闭角型青光眼还有其他区别：
年龄：闭角型青光眼更常见于老年人。
角膜厚度：闭角型青光眼的角膜通常较厚。
瞳孔大小：闭角型青光眼的瞳孔往往较小。
虹膜前突：闭角型青光眼的虹膜向前突起，遮挡房角。
鉴别开角型和闭角型青光眼对于决定适当的治疗方案至关重要。开角型青光眼通常通过眼药水或激光手术治疗，而闭角型青光眼需要紧急治疗，通常包括激光手术或切除术。早期诊断和治疗对于保护视力至关重要。
青光眼的分类：闭角型与开角型
青光眼是一种会导致视神经损伤和视力丧失的慢性眼病，可分为闭角型和开角型两种主要类型。
闭角型青光眼
闭角型青光眼 occurs when the angle between the iris (the colored part of the eye) and the cornea (the clear outer layer of the eye) is narrow or blocked. This blockage prevents fluid from draining out of the eye properly, leading to a buildup of pressure inside the eye. Closed-angle glaucoma can be sudden and painful, with symptoms such as severe eye pain, blurred vision, halos around lights, and nausea. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent vision loss.
开角型青光眼
开角型青光眼 occurs when the angle between the iris and cornea is open, but fluid still does not drain properly. This can be due to a blockage in the drainage system of the eye or a reduction in the production of fluid. Open-angle glaucoma is usually painless and develops gradually, often without noticeable symptoms. As a result, it can go undetected until significant vision loss has occurred. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and treatment of open-angle glaucoma.
区别
The key difference between closed-angle and open-angle glaucoma is the appearance of the angle between the iris and cornea. In closed-angle glaucoma, the angle is narrow or blocked, while in open-angle glaucoma, the angle is open. Another difference is that closed-angle glaucoma is often sudden and painful, while open-angle glaucoma is usually painless and develops gradually.
Treatment
Treatment for both types of glaucoma typically involves medications to lower eye pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to improve fluid drainage and relieve pressure in the eye. Regular eye exams and follow-up care are essential for monitoring the condition and preventing vision loss.